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Definition Page for DrumLib's Health Research Review:
Atherosclerosis (ath-er-oh-skler-OH-sis)
Hardening (clogging) of the arteries.
SEE: Atherosclerosis
(Taber's)
Atheroma (ath-er-OH-ma)
The fat deposits in the walls of arteries (atherosclerosis).
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate (ah-DEN-oh-seen try-FOSS-fate)
ATP has been called the energy currency of the cell. This
compound serves to store energy in muscles. The energy is released when ATP is chemically
altered (split) by ATPase to form ADP.
Muscle contraction (even your heart beating) is dependent on the generation of ATP.
Magnesium is required for the stability of ATP (as well as many enzyme systems involved in
energy production). ATP is produced when free fatty acids
are burned in the mitochondria. They are shuttled across
the inner membrane by the amino acid carnitine for
beta-oxidation (burning). The burning of these free fatty acids generates an electron flow
that is used to make ATP. CoQ10 is a key factor in the electron
transport system (also called the respiratory chain) and vitamin E scavenges the free radicals that are generated.
Although ATP production is essential, weight regulation is, in
part, achieved by side stepping this process. The energy generation process is
short-circuited by uncoupling protein (UPC). Instead of producing
ATP, UPC causes energy to be dissipated as heat (uncoupled-thermogenesis).
This process of wasting energy is one of the mechanisms through which people who are
naturally lean maintain normal body weight. The more they eat, the more they waste.
SEE: Creatine.
SEE: Adenosine (Taber's)
ATPase
Adenosine triphosphatase (ah-DEN-oh-seen try-FOSS-fa-tayse)
An enzyme in skeletal muscles that splits ATP
to yield ADP and inorganic phosphate. This provides energy to the
muscles.
SEE: Adenosine (Taber's)
Atrophy (AT-row-fee)
A decrease in size of an organ or tissue (such as muscle).
SEE: Atrophy (Taber's)