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Definition Page for DrumLib's Health Research Review:
Cafeteria feeding:
Studies involving voluntary overfeeding of humans showed that
some people gain large amounts of weight and others burn most of it off through
diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). These human studies date back
nearly 100 years. Back then it was called Luxuskonsumption
(extra burning). Overfeeding studies with animals originally used abnormal animals and
diets. Despite the human studies some scientists argued that DIT was unimportant because
the animal studies were "flawed." Obesity is such a stigmatized condition that
even many scientists can't see beyond their own prejudice.
Cafeteria feeding addressed this "flaw" by inducing hyperphagia (overeating) in normal animals by giving them
four new tasty foods each day. These studies, of course, confirmed the defective
diet-induced thermogenesis found in human studies. A remarkable amount of laboratory time
and money has been devoted to disproving prejudiced assertions about obesity. However,
this has given us much a deeper understanding of obesity. Also, this abundance of research
gives the educated obese person the ability to authoritatively expose ignorant, prejudiced
"experts" who spread misinformation about obesity.
Caffeine (caf-een)
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that
enhances and prolongs thermogenesis by inhibiting
phosphodiesterase (PDE) and adenosine.
It also stimulates gastric acid and pepsin secretion. People who are accustomed to a high
caffeine intake often get headaches if they abruptly eliminate caffeine from their diets.
Here is the approximate amount of caffeine in 6 oz of the following beverages: Coffee
110-150 mg, Tea 25-50 mg, Soda Pop 15-30.
cAMP
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (SIGH-click ah-DEN-oh-seen mon-oh-FOSS-fate)
SYN: Adenosine 3',5' -cyclic monophosphate
cAMP is synthesized from ATP. This is
stimulated by the enzyme adenylate cyclase
(cAMPase). It is often called the "second messenger" for the actions of catecholamines on thermogenesis.
Carcinogen (CAR-sin-oh-jen)
Any substance or agent that increases the risk of developing
cancer.
Carcinogenesis (CAR-sin-oh-jen-eh-sis)
The origin or production of cancer.
Carcinogenic (CAR-sin-oh-jen-ik)
Causing cancer.
Carcinoma (CAR-sin-oh-muh)
A cancerous tumor.
Cardiomyopathy (CAR-dee-oh-my-OP-ah-thee)
A disease of the heart muscle. Bioenergetic
supplements can be extremely useful additions to conventional treatment. There are several
different
types of cardiomyopathy.
Cardiovascular (CAR-dee-oh-VAS-cue-lar)
Refers to the heart and blood vessels.
Carnitine (CAR-ni-teen)
A conditionally essential amino acid
that is synthesized from lysine. The synthesis of carnitine is
also dependent on vitamin C, B-6,
niacin, and methionine.
Carnitine transports fat across the membrane into the mitochondria
to be burned. Carnitine is intimately involved in the generation of ATP.
It lowers triglyceride levels and is extremely useful in
heart disease. In this case, the term "useful" means that your life may depend
on it.
Carotenase (CAR-oh-ten-ace)
An enzyme that converts carotene to vitamin A.
Carotene (CAR-oh-teen)
A precursor to vitamin A that is stored in the liver.
It is converted, in the liver, to vitamin A by carotenase.
Carotenoid (ka-ROT-e-noyd)
A class of antioxidants produced
by plants that are yellow-red like carotene. Beta carotene
is the best known carotenoid.
Catabolic (cat-ah-BOL-ik)
This term is often used in reference to the breakdown of muscle.
Dieting is catabolic because it causes muscle loss. The word catabolic can, however, be
used to refer to any process in which a complex substance is converted into simpler
substances. Lipolysis, for example, is a catabolic process
because your fat stores are broken down into free fatty acids
and glycerol.
Catalyst (CAT-ah-list)
Chemicals (like enzymes) that act to
stimulate a chemical reaction.
Catecholamines (cat-e-COAL-ah-meens)
These biologically active amines (adrenaline
and noradrenaline) are made in the body from the amino acid tyrosine.
SEE: Redox