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Definition Page for DrumLib's Health Research Review:
Glucocorticoid (glue-koe-CORE-ti-koyd)
The outer cortex of the adrenal
gland secretes the glucocorticoid hormones. Cortisol is
the most potent and the most abundantly secreted glucocorticoid in humans. Corticosterone is the main glucocorticoid in the rat.
Glucose
ALSO: D-glucose
A sugar found in fruits and plants. Glucose is formed during
digestion and absorbed from the intestines into the blood of the portal vein. Excess
glucose is converted into glycogen in the liver. Glucose can be stored as glycogen, utilized to form fat, or
oxidized (burned). The normal human concentration of free glucose is 70 to 110 mg per 100
ml. These levels are maintained by insulin release. Glucose appears in the urine in diabetes mellitus.
High Levels Of Blood Glucose Are Associated With:
Acromegaly
Adrenal tumors (See Adrenal gland)
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperpituitarism (See Pituitary gland)
Hyperthyroidism (See Thyroid gland)
Low Levels Of Blood Glucose Are Associated With:
Addison's disease
Hyperinsulinemia (See Insulin)
Hypopituitarism (See Pituitary gland)
Hypothyroidism (See Thyroid gland)
Muscular dystrophy
Myxedema coma
Glutamic acid (glue-TAM-ik)
An amino acid that is used by the
body to make glutathione. Glutathione is involved in
detoxification and the immune system; it is made from glutamic acid, glycine and cysteine. Glutamic
acid can also be converted into the amino acids glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The sodium salt of glutamic acid is monosodium glutamate
(MSG).
Glutamine (GLUE-ta-meen)
A conditionally essential amino acid
that has anti-catabolic effects in people subjected to
extreme stress (like weightlifters). Glutamine plays an important role in DNA synthesis.
The brain detoxifies ammonia by turning glutamic acid
into glutamine.
Glutathione (glue-ta-thigh-own)
A tripeptide made of glutamic acid,
glycine and cysteine.
Glutathione is an extremely powerful antioxidant that is
involved in the detoxification of natural and man-made toxins. The amount of cysteine in
your diet is the most important factor related to glutathione production. People who
include aspirin with their thermogenic
stack should be aware that aspirin, as well as other anti-inflammatory
drugs, deplete liver glutathione levels. Whey protein or
cysteine (NAC) supplements can be taken to boost glutathione production.
Glycerol
SYN: Glycerin
A trihydric alcohol found in all fats. Glycerol is a sweet,
syrup-like liquid that is made (commercially) during the manufacture of soap by the
hydrolysis of fat.
SEE: Lipolysis.
Glycine (GLY-seen)
An amino acid that is used by the
body to make glutathione. Glutathione, which is involved
in detoxification and the immune system, is made from glutamic
acid, glycine and cysteine. Creatine
is also synthesized from arginine and glycine. Glycine plays
an important role in wound healing and the immune system. It has a sweet taste and is used
as a food additive.
Glycogen (GLY-coe-jen)
Carbohydrate is stored in the form of glycogen, mainly in the
muscles and liver. When glycogen is formed from carbohydrate, the process is called
glycogenesis. However, glycogen can also be formed from other sources (glyconeogenesis).
When the body needs energy, glycogen can be converted to glucose. (This is called
glycogenolysis.)