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Definition Page for DrumLib's Health Research Review:
G proteins
SYN: GTP binding proteins
Intracellular
membrane-associated proteins that are activated by receptor
stimulation. For example, in the process of thermogenesis,
stimulating G proteins (Gs) amplify the signal of hormones (noradrenaline
& adrenaline) that binds to the receptors (beta 1, 2,
and 3). This stimulates adenylate cyclase to
increase the formation of the second messenger (cAMP). Thus, the
effect of the hormones (the first messenger) is amplified. However, the alpha 2 receptors
are also stimulated by these hormones (primarily adrenaline) and this activates inhibiting
G proteins (Gi), which reduce signal transduction (the formation of the second messenger).