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Definition Page for DrumLib's Health Research Review:
Hypercholesterolemia
(HIGH-per-koe-less-ter-ol-EE-mee-ah)
Extremely high cholesterol levels.
Hyperglycemia (HIGH-per-gly-SEE-mee-ah)
High levels of glucose in the blood.
Hyperphagia (high-per-FAY-jee-ah)
Overeating. This can be caused by injury to the hypothalamus, cafeteria
feeding, etc.
Hypertension (HIGH-per-TEN-shun)
High blood pressure.
Hypertrophied BAT (high-PER-trow-feed)
Early in vivo (in the living body) human studies (late 1970s)
used thermograms to measure the skin temperature increases caused by ephedrine. The areas of increased temperature (the neck and
upper back) corresponded with areas containing brown fat. The
myth that ephedrine is just an appetite suppressant comes from certain scientists who felt
that adult man does not have enough brown fat to burn many calories. Other scientists
pointed out that brown fat hypertrophies (enlarges) with
regular sympathetic stimulation (from cold
exposure or taking ephedrine every day). Back then the importance of skeletal muscle as a
site of thermogenesis was not fully appreciated. The
debate raged on but, fortunately, the smart scientists pushed on -- testing combinations
of methylxanthines, etc. with ephedrine. People who
dismiss ECA as nothing but an appetite suppressant or mistakenly attribute thermogenesis
(entirely) to brown fat are displaying their unfamiliarity with the last 10 years of
research. That still puts them decades ahead of FDA bureaucrats though.
Hypertrophy (high-PER-trow-fee)
This refers to an increase in size. Examples: 1.) In response to cold weather brown fat enlarges and is
called hypertrophied brown fat. 2.) Lifting weights will cause hypertrophy of your
muscles.
Hypoglycemia (HIGH-poe-gly-SEE-mee-ah)
Low levels of glucose in the blood.
Hypokalemia (HI-poe-ka-LEE-me-ah)
An abnormally small amount of potassium in the blood.
Hypotension (HIGH-poe-TEN-shun)
Low blood pressure.
Hypothalamus (HIGH-poe-THAL-ah-muss)
Part of the brain that is involved in the functioning of the
autonomic nervous system (ANS), and endocrine processes. It plays an important role in
regulating body temperature, sleep, appetite, mood, and motivational states. The
hypothalamic regulation of pituitary activity
involves two distinct pathways: Neural pathways extend from the hypothalamus to the
posterior lobe of the pituitary (neurohypophysis). Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are synthesized in
the hypothalamus and then stored (and secreted from) the posterior pituitary lobe. Portal
venous pathways connect the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe of the pituitary
(adenohypophysis). This pathway carries numerous hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting
hormones to the anterior lobe of the pituitary.
SEE: corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF),
growth hormone-inhibitory hormone (GH-IH), growth
hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH), luteinizing
hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), prolactin-inhibitory factor
(PIF), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).
Hypothyroidism (HIGH-poe-THIGH-royd-izm)
There are two types os hypothyroidism: primary and secondary.
Primary hypothyroidism can result from Hashimoto's,
inadequate iodine intake, or excessive iodine intake, which impairs secretion of thyroid
hormone. Secondary hypothyroidism is caused by insufficient TSH
due to either pituitary insufficiency or a pituitary tumor.
SEE: Myxedema coma and Subclinical.
Hypoxia (high-POK-see-ah)
This term refers to a deficiency of oxygen. This condition often
generates a lot of free radicals.